Yemen–Saudi Security: Houthis claimed strikes on Riyadh airport and an Aramco refinery as Yemen’s war intensifies, while Saudi-backed forces say they’re pushing to retake territory around Bab el-Mandeb—raising fresh risks for Red Sea shipping. Regional Defense Cooperation: Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and Turkey agreed to activate collective defense commitments under the Mecca Defense Alliance, signaling possible wider military support amid Houthi threats. Iran Crackdown Abroad: Iran reportedly launched a new system encouraging citizens to report on Iranians overseas, using Telegram-linked tools—an escalation of intimidation targeting the diaspora. Gaza Civilian Impact: Israeli airstrikes killed two in Gaza City near a municipal park, as demolitions in east Jerusalem continued. Energy & Transport Costs: India’s airlines urged government fuel relief and a possible ATF price stabilisation fund as West Asia turmoil lifts jet fuel costs; separately, Oman–India shipping risks resurfaced after a missile attack injured 11 Indian crew in the Strait of Hormuz. IMF on Welfare: The IMF urged targeted welfare spending for low-income households to cushion cost-of-living shocks tied to geopolitical disruptions. Digital Governance/AI Finance: OpenAI is in talks with UAE sovereign funds (including MGX) and BlackRock for a major fundraising round, underscoring Middle East capital’s role in AI infrastructure. Workplace Policy: JLL says most MEA firms still stick to long-term leases, but AI-driven uncertainty is pushing demand for more flexible office space.